三十六计（Thirty-SixStratagems）乃兵家之经典著作。

古人学好三十六计，带兵打仗胜券在握。

现代人习之，运用于商场职场生活各个领域。

而三十六计在外国也极受欢迎……

那么今天就一起看看

三十六计的英文表达吧！

Winning Stratagems
第一套胜战计

第一计瞒天过海

Crossing the sea undercamouflage

备周则意怠；常见则不疑。阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。

Mask your real goals, byusing the ruse of a fake goal, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically,this is known as an 'open feint': in front of everyone, you point west, whenyour goal is actually in the east.

第二计围魏救赵

Relieving the state ofZhao by besieging the state of Wei

共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。

When the enemy is toostrong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know thathe cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, aweakness that can be attacked instead.

The idea here is toavoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weaknesselsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support hisweakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a muchhigher chance of success.

第三计借刀杀人

Killing someone with aborrowed knife

敌已明，友示定，引友杀敌，不自出力，以《损》推演。

When you do not have themeans to attack your enemy directly, then attack using the strength of another.Trick an ally into attacking him, bribe an official to turn traitor, or use theenemy's own strength against him.

第四计以逸待劳

Waiting at one's easefor the exhausted enemy

困敌之势，不以战；损刚益柔。

It is an advantage tochoose the time and place for battle. In this way you know when and where thebattle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy toexpend his energy in futile quests while you conserve your strength. When he isexhausted and confused, you attack with energy and purpose.

第五计趁火打劫

Plundering a burninghouse

敌之害大，就势取利，刚决柔也。

When a country is besetby internal conflicts, when disease and famine ravage the population, whencorruption and crime are rampant, then it will be unable to deal with anoutside threat. This is the time to attack.

第六计声东击西

Making a feint to theeast and attacking in the west

敌志乱萃，不虞，坤下兑上之象。利其不自主而取之。

In any battle theelement of surprise can provide an overwhelming advantage. Even when face toface with an enemy, surprise can still be employed by attacking where he leastexpects it. To do this you must create an expectation in the enemy's mindthrough the use of a feint.

                                                                          

Enemy Dealing Stratagems
第二套敌战计

第七计无中生有

Creating something outof nothing

诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。少阴，太阴，太阳。

You use the same feinttwice. Having reacted to the first and often the second feint as well, theenemy will be hesitant to react to a third feint. Therefore the third feint isthe actual attack catching your enemy with his guard down.

第八计暗渡陈仓

Advancing secretly by anunknown path

示之以动，利其静而有主，“益动而巽”。

Deceive the enemy withan obvious approach that will take a very long time, while surprising him bytaking a shortcut and sneak up to him. As the enemy concentrates on the decoy,he will miss you sneaking up to him.

第九计隔岸观火

Watching a fire from theother side of the river

阳乖序乱，阴以待逆。暴戾恣睢，其势自毙。顺以动豫，豫顺以动。

Delay entering the fieldof battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongstthemselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.

第十计笑里藏刀

Covering the dagger witha smile

信而安之，阴以图之。备而后动，勿使有变。刚中柔外也。

Charm and ingratiateyourself with your enemy. When you have gained his trust, move against him insecret.

第十一计李代桃僵

Palming off substitutefor the real thing

势必有损，损阴以益阳。

There are circumstancesin which you must sacrifice short-term objectives in order to gain thelong-term goal. This is the scapegoat strategy whereby someone else suffers theconsequences so that the rest do not.

第十二计顺手牵羊
Picking up something in passing

微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。少阴，少阳。

While carrying out yourplans be flexible enough to take advantage of any opportunity that presentsitself, however small, and avail yourself of any profit, however slight.

                                                                     

Attacking Stratagems
第三套：攻战计

第十三计打草惊蛇
Beating the grass to frighten the snake

疑以叩实，察而后动。复者，阴之媒也。

Do something unarmed,but spectacular ("hitting the grass") to provoke a response of theenemy ("startle the snake"), thereby giving away his plans orposition, or just taunt him.

Do something unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemy'ssuspicion and disrupt his thinking.

More widely used as "[Do not] startle the snake by hitting thegrass". An imprudent act will give your position or intentions away to theenemy.

第十四计借尸还魂
Resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse

有用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。

Take an institution, atechnology, a method, or even an ideology that has been forgotten or discardedand appropriate it for your own purpose.

Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring to life oldideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit your purposes.

第十五计调虎离山
Luring the tiger out of his den

待天以困之，用人以诱之，往蹇来返。

Never directly attack anopponent whose advantage is derived from its position. Instead lure him awayfrom his position thus separating him from his source of strength.

第十六计欲擒故纵
Letting the enemy off in order to catch him

逼则反兵，走则减势。紧随勿迫，累其气力，消其斗志，散而后擒，兵不血刃。需，有孚，光。

Cornered prey will oftenmount a final desperate attack. To prevent this you let the enemy believe hestill has a chance for freedom.

His will to fight isthus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven afalsehood the enemy's morale will be defeated and he will surrender without afight.

第十七计抛砖引玉
Giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things

类以诱之，击蒙也。

Bait someone by makinghim believe he gains something or just make him react to it ("toss out abrick") and obtain something valuable from him in return ("get a jadegem").

第十八计擒贼擒王
Capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers

摧其坚，夺其魁，以解其体。龙战于野，其道穷也。

If the enemy's army isstrong but is allied to the commander only by money, superstition or threats,then take aim at the leader.

If the commander fallsthe rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side.

If, however, they areallied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue tofight on after his death out of vengeance.

Chaos Stratagems
第四套：混战计

第十九计釜底抽薪
Extracting the firewood from under the cauldron

不敌其力，而消其势，兑下乾上之象。

Take out the leadingargument or asset of someone; "steal someone's thunder". This is thevery essence of indirect approach: instead of attacking enemy's fightingforces, the attacks are directed against his ability to wage war.

第二十计混水摸鱼
Muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters

乘其阴乱，利其弱而无主。随，以向晦入宴息。

Create confusion and usethis confusion to further your own goals.

第二十一计金蝉脱壳
Slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughingits skin

存其形，完其势；友不疑，敌不动。巽而止蛊。

Mask yourself. Eitherleave one's distinctive traits behind, thus becoming inconspicuous, ormasquerade as something or someone else.

This strategy is mainlyused to escape from enemy of superior strength.

第二十二计关门捉贼
Catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route

小敌困之。剥，不利有攸往。

To capture your enemy,or more generally in fighting wars, to deliver the final blow to your enemy,you must plan prudently if you want to succeed. Do not rush into action.

Before you "move infor the kill", first cut off your enemy's escape routes, and cut off anyroutes through which outside help can reach them.

第二十三计远交近攻
Befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy

形禁势格，利从近取，害以远隔。上火下泽。

It is known that nationsthat border each other become enemies while nations separated by distance andobstacles make better allies.

When you are the strongest in one field, your greatest threat is from thesecond strongest in your field, not the strongest from another field.

第二十四计假途伐虢
Attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor

两大之间，敌胁以从，我假以势。困，有言不信。

Borrow the resources ofan ally to attack a common enemy. Once the enemy is defeated, use thoseresources to turn on the ally that lent you them in the first place.

                                                                       

Proximate Stratagems
第五套：并战计

第二十五计偷梁换柱
Stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers

频更其阵，抽其劲旅，待其自败，而后乘之。曳其轮也。

Disrupt the enemy'sformations, interfere with their methods of operations, change the rules inwhich they are used to following, go contrary to their standard training.

In this way you removethe supporting pillar, the common link that makes a group of men an effectivefighting force.

第二十六计指桑骂槐

Reviling / abusing thelocust tree while pointing to the mulberry

大凌小者，警以诱之。刚中而应，行险而顺。

To discipline, control,or warn others whose status or position excludes them from direct confrontation;use analogy and innuendo. Without directly naming names, those accused cannotretaliate without revealing their complicity.

第二十七计假痴不癫

Feigning madness withoutbecoming insane

宁伪作不知不为，不伪作假知妄为。静不露机，云雷屯也。

Hide behind the mask ofa fool, a drunk, or a madman to create confusion about your intentions andmotivations. Lure your opponent into underestimating your ability until,overconfident, he drops his guard. Then you may attack.

第二十八计上屋抽梯

Removing the ladderafter the enemy has climbed up the roof

假之以便，唆之使前，断其援应，陷之死地。遇毒，位不当也。

With baits anddeceptions, lure your enemy into treacherous terrain. Then cut off his lines ofcommunication and avenue of escape. To save himself, he must fight both yourown forces and the elements of nature.

第二十九计树上开花

Putting artificialflowers on trees

借局布势，力小势大。鸿渐于陆，其羽可以为仪也。

Tying silk blossoms on adead tree gives the illusion that the tree is healthy. Through the use ofartifice and disguise, make something of no value appear valuable; of no threatappear dangerous; of no use appear useful.

第三十计反客为主

Turning from the guestinto the host

乘隙插足，扼其主机，渐之进也。

Usurp leadership in asituation where you are normally subordinate. Infiltrate your target.Initially, pretend to be a guest to be accepted, but develop from inside andbecome the owner later.

                                                                     

Desperate Stratagems
第六套：败战计

第三十一计美人计
Using seductive women to corrupt the enemy

兵强者，攻其将；将智者，伐其情。将弱兵颓，其势自萎。利用御寇，顺相保也。

Send your enemybeautiful women to cause discord within his camp. This strategy can work onthree levels.

First, the ruler becomesso enamoured with the beauty that he neglects his duties and allows hisvigilance to wane.

Second, other males at court will begin to display aggressive behaviour thatinflames minor differences hindering co-operation and destroying morale.

Third, other females at court, motivated by jealousy and envy, begin to plotintrigues further exacerbating the situation.

第三十二计空城计

Presenting a bold frontto conceal unpreparedness

虚者虚之，疑中生疑。刚柔之际，奇而复奇。

When the enemy issuperior in numbers and your situation is such that you expect to be overrun atany moment, then drop all pretense of military preparedness, act calmly andtaunt the enemy, so that the enemy will think you have a huge ambush hidden forthem.

It works best by actingcalm and at ease when your enemy expects you to be tense.

第三十三计反间计

Sowing discord among theenemy

疑中之疑。比之自内，不自失也。

Undermine your enemy'sability to fight by secretly causing discord between him and his friends,allies, advisors, family, commanders, soldiers, and population.

While he is preoccupiedsettling internal disputes, his ability to attack or defend is compromised.

第三十四计苦肉计

Deceiving the enemy bytorturing one's own man

人不自害，受害必真。假真真假，间以得行。童蒙之吉，顺以巽也。

Pretending to be injuredhas two possible applications. In the first, the enemy is lulled into relaxinghis guard since he no longer considers you to be an immediate threat.

The second is a way ofingratiating yourself to your enemy by pretending the injury was caused by amutual enemy.

第三十五计连环计

Coordinating onestratagem with another

将多兵众，不可以敌，使其自累，以杀其势。在师中吉，承天宠也

In important matters,one should use several stratagems applied simultaneously after another as in achain of stratagems. Keep different plans operating in an overall scheme;however, in this manner if any one strategy fails, then the chain breaks andthe whole scheme fails.

第三十六计走为上

Decamping being thebest; running away as the best choice

全师避敌。左次无咎，未失常也。

If it becomes obviousthat your current course of action will lead to defeat, then retreat andregroup. When your side is losing, there are only three choices remaining:surrender, compromise, or escape.

Surrender is completedefeat, compromise is half defeat, but escape is not defeat.

As long as you are not defeated, you still have a chance. This is the mostfamous of the stratagems, immortalized in the form of a Chinese idiom: "Ofthe Thirty-Six Stratagems, fleeing is best".